اپت a-pat S̱. s. Discredit, disgrace.

ابدهوتمني abdhūtnī S̱. s. f. (अवधुत) One devoted to God but not attending on ceremonies; a kind of Hindū devotee who worships Siva.

ادهیڙ udheṛ H s. Unravelling, unweaving. ادهیڙ بن udheṛ-bun, Perplexity.

اوندها aundhā H or ondhā, adj. Upside down, overturned. اوندهابخت aundhā baḵẖt, s. m. Misfortune, adverse fortune. اوندهي پيشاني aun- dhī peshānī, adj. Shortsighted, unfortunate.

ا Alif is the first letter of the Arabic and Persian alphabets. At the beginning of Hindī words, denoted by the characters of these alphabets, ا with the vowel fatḥa, written or more commonly understood, represents the Devanāgari letter अ a; with kasr, the letter इ i; with ẓamm, the letter ऊ u; and with the sign madda ي, the letter आ ā: at the beginning of Hindī words, moreover, when ا is followed immediately by ي, the two letters together, according to the vowel written or understood with ا, stand for ई ī ए e or ऐ ai; and when ا is followed in like manner by و, these two letters together represent, according to the vowel used with ا, either ऊ ū ओ o or औ au; but, in the middle or at the end of such words, ا stands invariably for आ ā, In the representation of numbers by the Arabic letters, ا stands for one; whence it is used also as a symbol of the deity: it signifies, moreover, the first day of the week, or Sunday; and, in astronomical descriptions, the sign Taurus of the Zodiack. From its form, too, this letter is adopted to denote straightness; hence, also, a brave man. And, in allusion to its simple, unadorned, figure, it is sometimes used to mean naked.

اضافت iẓāfat A (inf. iv. of ضیف) s. f. Addi- tion, adjunct, reference, annexion; construc- tion of one noun with another.

استوانه istiwā A (inf. viii. of سوي Heb. Was equal) s. Parallelism, equality. خط استوا ḵẖat̤t̤- i-istiwā, The equator.

اوتار अवतार अव and r. तृ Cross, pass ava-tār S. vulgarly autār, s. m. Descent, espe- cially of a deity from heaven; incarnation. (The Hindūs reckon the following ten avatārs of the God Vish̤ṇu: 1. मत्स्य matsya, A fish: 2. कच्छप kachchhapa, A tortoise: 3. वराह varāha, A hog: 4. नृसिंह nr̤i-singha, A man- lion: 5. वामन vāmana, A dwarf: 6. परशुराम parasurāma: 7. राम rāma: 8. बलराम ba- larāma: 9. बुद्ध buddha: 10. कल्की kalkī).

آخر āḵẖir A (Heb. After) adj. Last, latter. s. m. End, termination, issue. adv. At last, finally. آخرکرنا āḵẖir karnā, v. a. To end, finish, conclude, terminate. آخرهونا āḵẖir ho- nā, v. n. To end, to be ended, &c.

امت अमित a-mit S adj. Unmeasured.