اخراج iḵẖrāj A (inf. iv. of خرج) s. m. Drawing forth, derivation, expulsion, evacuation.

انمول an-mol S̱. adj. Invaluable, beyond price.

الم alam A s. m. Pain, grief, affliction, anguish.

اشترا ishtirā A (inf. viii. of شريٰ) s. m. Buying, selling, commerce.

استعداد istiﻌdād A (inf. x. of عدّ) s. f. Readiness, preparation, proficiency, ability, means, capa- city.

اتسار अतिसार अति and r. सृ Go atisār S. s. m. Dysentery, diarrhœa.

ا Alif is the first letter of the Arabic and Persian alphabets. At the beginning of Hindī words, denoted by the characters of these alphabets, ا with the vowel fatḥa, written or more commonly understood, represents the Devanāgari letter अ a; with kasr, the letter इ i; with ẓamm, the letter ऊ u; and with the sign madda ي, the letter आ ā: at the beginning of Hindī words, moreover, when ا is followed immediately by ي, the two letters together, according to the vowel written or understood with ا, stand for ई ī ए e or ऐ ai; and when ا is followed in like manner by و, these two letters together represent, according to the vowel used with ا, either ऊ ū ओ o or औ au; but, in the middle or at the end of such words, ا stands invariably for आ ā, In the representation of numbers by the Arabic letters, ا stands for one; whence it is used also as a symbol of the deity: it signifies, moreover, the first day of the week, or Sunday; and, in astronomical descriptions, the sign Taurus of the Zodiack. From its form, too, this letter is adopted to denote straightness; hence, also, a brave man. And, in allusion to its simple, unadorned, figure, it is sometimes used to mean naked.

اصفہان iṣfahān P n. prop. See اسفہان isfahān.

اشر asharr A adj. compar. (of شریر) More or very vicious, malignant, atrocious, flagitious: or vi- cious, malignant, &c. اشرالناس asharru-n-nās, The most wicked of men.

آک āk S̱. 1. (Sans. अर्क) s. m. Curled flow- ered gigantick swallow-wort. (Asclepias gigan- tea). 2. (Sans. इक्षु) s. m. A sprout of su- gar-cane.