ضروريات ẓarūriyāt A (plur. of ضروري) s. f. Ne- cessaries, requisites.

ضدي ẓidd-ī A. adj. Perverse, contrary.

ضخامت ẓaḵẖāmat A s. f. Thickness, bigness.

ض ẓad called ضاد معجمه and ضاد منقوطه the fif- teenth letter of the Arabic alphabet, does not occur in Persian, nor is there any corresponding letter in Sanskrit. In Persia and Hindū- stān its pronunciation is hardly distinguished from that of ز; but, in Arabia it is a mixed sound of d, th, and w, only to be acquired from natives of that country. In the notation of numbers by the Arabic letters, it stands for 800. It is one of the radical letters. The د of Per- sian words, when they are introduced into Ara- bic, is often changed into this letter, as ضحاک for ده آک See under ح. When three of these letters meet together, as in تقضّض the darting of a hawk upon his prey, the last is changed into ي, as تقضي. And in verbs of the measure افتعال the servile ت after this letter is changed to ط or to ض as اضطراب or اضّراب from ضرب.

ضاحک ẓāḥik A (part. act. of ضحک Heb. and Ch. and To laugh) 1. Satyrist, mock- er, ridiculer. 2. Name of a poet.

ضال ẓāll A part. act. (of ضلّ) 1. Straying. 2. s. m. A prevaricator.

ضمير ẓamīr A s. f. 1. The mind, heart, thought, reflection, sense, conscience, conception, idea, comprehension. 2. A personal pronoun.

ضحا ẓuḥā A (from ضحو To be exposed to the sun. Heb. To be white or shining) s. m. Break- fast-time, that part of the day, about half-way between sunrise and meridian (i. e. the brightest part of the day). عيد الضحا īﻌdu-ẓ-ẓuḥā, s. f. Name of a festival celebrated on the 10th of ẕī-ḥijja, when an animal is sacrificed in com- memoration of Abrahamʼs sacrifice of his son Ismaʼīﻌl, according to the Musalmāns.

ضيافت ẓiyāfat A s. f. 1. A feast, a banquet, convivial entertainment. 2. Hospitality. 3. In- vitation. ضيافت کرنا ẓiyāfat karnā, To enter- tain, to feast, treat.

ضراب ẓirāb A (from ضرب) 1. s. m. Fighting, fencing, conquering. 2. Coitus. ¶ ẓarrāb, A coiner, a mint-master.